The Book of Enoch 73
Book III The Astronomical Book (Book of the Luminaries) Chapters 72–82 · 3rd century BCE
Uriel shows Enoch the laws of the sun, moon, and stars, and the gates through which they move - the basis for a 364-day solar calendar.
Dating & manuscripts. As old as the Book of the Watchers. The Aramaic copies from Qumran (4QEnastr) are far longer and more technical than the abridged Ethiopic text preserved here.
Its 364-day calendar is the same one defended by the Book of Jubilees and used by the Qumran community, setting it against the lunar calendar of the Jerusalem temple.
1 Enoch is an anthology of five distinct works, composed over roughly three centuries.
The Moon and its Phases.
The smaller luminary named the Moon has a circumference like the circumference of the heaven and a chariot driven by the wind. Themes: Solar Calendar and Jubilees
1nd after this law I saw another law dealing with the smaller luminary, which is named the Moon.
2 And her circumference is like the circumference of the heaven, and her chariot in which she rides is driven by the wind, and light is given to her in (definite) measure.
3 And her rising and setting change every month: and her days are like the days of the sun, and when her light is uniform (i.e. full) it amounts to the seventh part of the light of the sun.
4 And thus she rises. And her first phase in the east comes forth on the thirtieth morning: and on that day she becomes visible, and constitutes for you the first phase of the moon on the thirtieth day together with the sun in the portal where the sun rises.
5 And the one half of her goes forth by a seventh part, and her whole circumference is empty, without light, with the exception of one-seventh part of it, (and) the fourteenth part of her light.
6 And when she receives one-seventh part of the half of her light, her light amounts to one-seventh part and the half thereof.
7 And she sets with the sun, and when the sun rises the moon rises with him and receives the half of one part of light, and in that night in the beginning of her morning in the commencement of the lunar day the moon sets with the sun, and is invisible that night with the fourteen parts and the half of one of them.
8 And she rises on that day with exactly a seventh part, and comes forth and recedes from the rising of the sun, and in her remaining days she becomes bright in the (remaining) thirteen parts.
Did You Know?
The smaller luminary named the Moon has a circumference like the circumference of the heaven and a chariot driven by the wind.
When the moon's light is uniform it amounts to the seventh part of the light of the sun.
The moon's rising and setting change every month and her days are like the days of the sun.
The moon's first phase comes forth on the thirtieth morning in the east and becomes visible with the sun in the portal where the sun rises.
The moon rises on that day with exactly a seventh part and becomes bright in the remaining thirteen parts.
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Commentary
In brief
Enoch describes the law of the moon, whose circumference is like the heaven and whose chariot is driven by the wind, with light given in measure amounting to a seventh of the sun when full. Rising and setting change monthly as she appears on the thirtieth morning and brightens in the remaining thirteen parts.